TLDR: signal content in Apple notification can be retrieved even after signal app deletion.
I saw from this reddit thread: Signal messages retrieved from iPhone after uninstalling app. : signal
Referencing this news article: Pretti Killing May Affect ICE Prairieland “Antifa Cell” Terrorism Trial
The mention of signal is in court documents here: March 10: Federal Trial Day 12 - Support the Prairieland Defendants
Signal chat evidence from Sharp’s device (Exhibit 158):
Messages were recovered from Sharp’s phone through Apple’s internal notification storage — Signal had been removed, but incoming notifications were preserved in internal memory. Only incoming messages were captured (no outgoing).


Not all, no. There are alternatives on Android:
https://tuta.com/blog/google-push-alternative#alternatives-to-google-push
Signal for android uses web sockets for notifications